Examples of these conditions include
1. Esophageal atresia and Tracheo-esophageal fistula
This involves an incomplete connection of the feeding tube (oesophagus) to the stomach and an abnormal linkage between the trachea (windpipe) and the oesophagus.
2. Anorectal malformation
This is characterised by either the absence of a rectal opening (imperforate anus) or an anomalously positioned anal opening. This condition may coexist with malformations of the heart, limbs and spine.
3. Urinary tract obstruction
In male infants, the presence of a posterior urethral valve can obstruct urine flow from the bladder, potentially leading to urinary tract infection and kidney damage if left untreated.
4. Branchial cyst
This presents as a fluid-filled swelling on the side of the neck, which,
if sufficiently large, may cause breathing difficulties.