Sinusitis, commonly known as a sinus infection, occurs when the sinuses become inflamed, often due to infection, allergies, or other underlying conditions.
Image of Sinusitis
Sinuses are air-filled chambers located in the bones behind the cheeks, eyebrows, and jaw. They produce mucus, which filters bacteria and other particles from the air we breathe. Cilia, tiny hairs within the sinuses, move the mucus out through the nose for drainage. Though sinusitis condition is different from allergic rhinitis, it is not uncommon for a patient to experience both conditions at the same time.
Sinusitis occurs when the sinuses, air-filled spaces in the skull, become inflamed due to infections, allergies, or other irritants. The most common cause is a viral cold, which leads to swelling and blockage of the sinuses, trapping mucus and creating a breeding ground for bacteria. In some cases, bacterial infections, allergies, nasal polyps, or structural issues like a deviated septum can contribute to persistent sinus problems. Environmental factors such as pollution, smoke, and dry air can also worsen symptoms. While most cases resolve on their own, persistent, or severe sinusitis may require medical attention.
We diagnose sinusitis through a careful evaluation of your symptoms and medical history. Common signs include nasal congestion, facial pain, or pressure (especially around the cheeks, forehead, or eyes), thick nasal discharge, and a reduced sense of smell.
If these symptoms last for more than 10 days without improvement or worsen after initially getting better, it could suggest bacterial sinusitis. Chronic sinusitis, which persists for 12 weeks or more, may involve ongoing nasal blockage and facial discomfort, often accompanied by difficulty breathing through the nose.
Our specialists use a thorough approach to confirm the diagnosis. This may include a detailed nasal examination, often with a nasal endoscope, to check for swelling, discharge, or structural issues like nasal polyps. For persistent or complex cases, advanced imaging such as a computerised tomography (CT) scan may be recommended to assess your sinuses in greater detail. These tools help us identify the root cause of your sinus issues and develop a personalised treatment plan.
The treatment for sinusitis varies depending on the underlying cause.
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat chronic sinusitis and other sinus-related conditions that have not responded to medical therapies.
FESS helps to improve natural sinus drainage pathways and airflow by surgically removing nasal polyps, thickened or inflamed tissues, correcting structural abnormalities etc. Unlike traditional surgical approaches, FESS uses an endoscope (a thin, rigid tube with a light and camera) to provide a clear, magnified view of the sinus passages through the nostrils, eliminating the need for external incisions.
A/Prof Mark Thong
Senior Consultant
