Sinusitis is caused by an inflammation of the sinuses, which are air-filled chambers in the bones of the face. In children, not all sinuses are fully formed, which affect the locations that can get infected.
Healthy Adenoid vs Enlarged Adenoid
Adenoids, which are lymphatic tissue behind the nose, are also more likely to be enlarged and be a reservoir for infection in paediatric patients.
Children may struggle to describe their symptoms clearly, and their condition may present differently compared to adults. Symptoms include:
Diagnosis is slightly more challenging in children as they are less likely to understand the procedures being done to them and would require the full cooperation of their parents or guardians.
A detailed history will be taken from the caregivers, followed by a direct examination of the nasal cavity and/or sinuses. A flexible nasoendoscopic examination may be performed. We will check for any pus or swelling in the sinus cavities and examine the back of the nose for any enlarged adenoids.
Imaging and other ancillary tests may be ordered for the child depending on what the doctor deems fit.
The treatment for sinusitis varies based on the underlying cause.
As invasive procedures are avoided as much as possible for paediatric patients, conservative treatment is crucial. This includes medications such as nasal sprays, nasal washes, antibiotics, and nasal decongestion drops.
Surgery is generally reserved for patients with severe acute sinus infections or recalcitrant infections that are not responding to adequate medical therapy.
This may include functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), as well as removal of the adenoid tissue at the back of the nose.
More information on the surgical options, especially FESS, are available on the adult sinusitis website.
For more information on our services at the Department of Otolaryngology, click here.
A/Prof Loh Woei Shyang
Head of Department,
Senior Consultant
Dr Shih E'Ching
Consultant
