Obesity (Children)

Childhood obesity is a complex chronic disease of excess adiposity accumulation, and is increasing in prevalence throughout the world, including Singapore.  

In Singapore, childhood obesity (2 to 18 years) is defined based on body mass index (BMI) percentile, where a BMI percentile of ≥90^th to 97^th is categorized as overweight, while those ≥97^th percentile is considered severely overweight (obesity). 

The BMI is calculated using the formula below:

BMI = weight (kg) ÷ [height (m)]²

Obesity results from a combination of factors, including dietary (unhealthy eating, excessive calories intake, high ultra-processed food, sugar-sweetened beverages), inadequate physical activity, abnormal neurobiology, the gut microbiome and genetic influences. In some children, specific diseases and medications can lead to obesity. 

Immediate health concerns linked to obesity include Diabetes Mellitus, high blood pressure, hyperlipidaemia, fatty liver, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), irregular menstrual cycles, joint issues, depression and low self-esteem. In our clinic, healthcare professionals assess these through questioning, physical examinations and blood tests.

Long-term risks include persistent adult obesity and increased likelihood of heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis and various cancers.

Children and adolescents with obesity may face social pressures and experience low self-esteem, bullying and depression. As parents, it’s essential to provide encouragement, refrain from judgement and model healthy lifestyle choices. Constant criticism can be counterproductive, leading to resistance to healthy changes.

Continued clinical research is essential for advancing paediatric healthcare. Our doctors are committed to contributing to the future of child health and medicine through both clinical practice and research.

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