While there is no cure for eczema, it may improve over time. Controlling the itch is important for the child's quality of life and sleep, and for preventing complications such as frequent skin infections and lichenification (skin thickening resembling tree bark, which is challenging to reverse).

The main areas of therapy include:

• Moisturisation

Dry skin is prone to itching and cracking, facilitating allergen penetration and exacerbating eczema. Moisturisers, either prescribed by a doctor or any suitable over-the-counter brands that are alcohol- and scent-free, should be applied to all affected areas, including the face.

• Removal of triggers

Opt for cotton clothing over woollen or synthetic fabrics to avoid skin irritation. Avoid detergents and harsh soaps. If house dust mites are a concern, consult your doctor for methods to reduce them. In cases where eczema begins at one to two years of age, a food allergy may be involved. Please consult a doctor for a thorough evaluation.

• Anti-inflammatory topical medication

Steroid creams, prescribed by the doctor, can effectively reduce skin inflammation. They must be used strictly as directed.

• Anti-itch medication

To alleviate itching and promote better sleep, doctors may prescribe topical or systemic anti-itch medications. These are complementary to moisturisers and topical steroids.

• Anti-bacterial medication

In cases where bacteria worsen eczema, antiseptic washes may be helpful. For acute skin infections, topical or oral antibiotics may be prescribed by the doctor.