There are various types of scoliosis and causes for spinal curvature, including:

• Idiopathic Scoliosis is one of the most common forms of scoliosis. Although it is known to run in families, its cause is unknown, and no responsible genes have been identified. Idiopathic scoliosis is present in three age groups: infantile (younger than 3 years old), juvenile (3 - 10 years old), and adolescent (above 10 years old). Adolescents are most prone to the disease. Children with idiopathic scoliosis appear healthy without bone or joint disease earlier in their lives.
• Congenital Scoliosis occur at birth with spine defects and is often associated with other organ defects.
• Neuromuscular Scoliosis occurs when losing control of the nerves or muscles that support the spine. Cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy are common causes.
• Degenerative Scoliosis may be caused by degeneration of the discs (which separate the vertebrae) or arthritis in the joints that link them. This type of scoliosis occurs later in life, unlike the first three types present in childhood.

Scoliosis is not caused by carrying heavy objects (such as heavy school bags on one shoulder), sports or other physical activities, poor standing or sleeping postures, or dietary calcium deficiency.

Scoliosis cannot be corrected by learning to sit or stand up straight. Food or vitamin supplements and exercise programmes have also shown no significant       value in treating the condition. Although about 10% of all male and female adolescents suffer from scoliosis, less than 1% have curves that require medical attention. Scoliosis can be mild, moderate or severe. Treatment may include one or a combination of the following:

Observation

Bracing

Surgery

• A/Prof Gabriel Liu Ka Po
  
• Professor Wong Hee Kit
  
• A/Prof Naresh Kumar
• A/Prof Joseph Thambiah
  
• Dr Lau Leok Lim
  
• Dr Dennis Hey
  
• Dr Jonathan Tan
  
• Dr Lim Jeong Hoon