Growth disorders can be due to a variety of underlying issues. While many children with below-average or average height are healthy, others may have underlying conditions affecting growth. These include

• Chromosomal abnormalities
• Hormonal system disorders, including issues of growth hormone secretion
• Bone disorders
• Chronic diseases.
  

Identifying and treating these conditions early can help children reach their full growth potential.

Children whose height falls between the 3^rd and 97^th percentile and who maintain a consistent growth rate are typically considered to have normal growth patterns. However, a child growing less than 4 cm per year might have a growth disorder and should be evaluated for possible growth hormone deficiency.

For children suspected of having a growth hormone deficiency, a growth hormone stimulation test is conducted. This involves an exercise test where the child runs on a treadmill for 10 minutes, with blood samples taken before and after the exercise. Further tests, such as the glucagon growth hormone stimulation test or insulin tolerance test, may follow if the initial test indicates a deficiency.

Treatment varies based on the underlying cause. Growth hormone therapy is an option for certain conditions such as:

• Growth hormone deficiency
• Turner Syndrome
• Chronic renal failure
• Intrauterine growth retardation
• Prader-Willi Syndrome
• Idiopathic short stature.
  

A child's maximum growth potential is influenced by genetics, diet, sleep and physical activity. To support optimal growth, ensure your child consumes a balanced diet and gets sufficient sleep and exercise.

Continued clinical research is essential for advancing paediatric healthcare. Our doctors are committed to contributing to the future of child health and medicine through both clinical practice and research.

• Zhou Y, Aris IM, Tan SS, Cai S, Tint MT, Krishnaswamy G, . . . Lee YS (2015). Sleep duration and growth outcomes across the first two years of life in the GUSTO study. Sleep Medicine, 16(10):1281-6. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.07.006
• Lee YS (2007). Recent indications for growth hormone therapy. Paediatrics, Child and Adolescent Health, 47:48-51.