​The causes are not clear. However, it may be due to excessive amounts of cholesterol or bilirubin in the bile and because the gallbladder does not empty completely or often enough.

• ​There may be no signs or symptoms
  
• Sudden and rapidly intensifying pain in the upper right portion of abdomen
  
• Sudden and rapidly intensifying pain in the centre of abdomen just below the breastbone
  
• Back pain between the shoulder blades
  
• Pain in the right shoulder
  
• Pain may last several minutes to a few hours
  
• Clay coloured stool
  

​Test and diagnosis

Treatment

• Associate Professor Alfred Kow Wei Chieh
• Professor Krishnakumar Madhavan 
• Associate Professor Iyer Shridhar Ganpathi 
• Associate Professor Glenn Kunnath Bonney
• Dr Pang Ning Qi
• Dr Gao Yujia
• Dr Nigel Tan Chun Han