Most miscarriages occur within the first two months of pregnancy. The warning signs are vaginal bleeding, cramps and backache similar to those experienced during your menstrual period, and absence signs such as tender breasts and morning sickness. Once a miscarriage starts, little can be done to halt it.
Most couples who lose a pregnancy do so for no clear reason and go on to have a healthy baby later. While a miscarriage, particularly in the early months, does not mean an increased risk of another, some women do have repeated miscarriages.
If you have repeated miscarriages, consult your obstetrician. You may be referred for an investigation, which may include a genetic counsellor who will determine the level of risk and the best way forward.
Rubella and Chlamydia are known common causes of miscarriage. Miscarriage can also be caused by major abnormality in the foetus or abnormalities of the uterus, such as fibroids or polyps. An incompetent cervix can also result in a miscarriage.
Severe vaginal bleeding in the third trimester is the symptom most indicative of placenta previa and placenta abruption. These are disorders that need urgent attention. An emergency Caesarean is performed to prevent extensive blood loss in the mother and oxygen deprivation in the foetus.