Pleural Disorders

Pneumothorax
There is a leakage of air out of the lungs, usually spontaneously. This may occur in patients with or without prior lung problems. Sudden chest pain and breathlessness are the usual symptoms. A chest x-ray is required for diagnosis. Immediate treatment involves using a needle or a chest tube to drain the leaked air.

Parapneumonic Effusion
In this condition, the cavity around the lung, known as the pleural cavity, is filled with dirty, infected fluid. Patients have fever, cough, chest pain and shortness of breath. Initial treatment includes antibiotics and usually drainage of the fluid using either a needle or a chest tube after a confirmatory chest x-ray.

Tuberculous Effusion
Tuberculosis may sometimes causes fluid to enter the pleural cavity. Patients experience the typical symptoms of tuberculosis and usually breathlessness or chest discomfort. This condition is treated with anti-tuberculous medications for at least 6 months.

Malignant Effusion
Cancers of the lungs or from other parts of the body may cause fluid to fill up the pleural cavity (the cavity around the lungs). In addition to the symptoms of the underlying cancer, patients may have chest discomfort and shortness of breath. Drainage of the fluid from the pleural cavity may be required as the first step. Other treatment approaches are available.

This information is meant for educational purposes and should not be used as a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment. Please seek your doctor’s advice before starting any treatment or if you have questions relating to your health and medical condition.